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Q41. Which one of the following is the typical product of ductile deformation?
Gouge, Breccia, and Cataclasite are products of brittle deformation (faulting). Mylonite is a foliated rock formed by ductile deformation in shear zones.
Q42. Which of the following rocks contributes the highest amount of radioactive heat in the earth's crust?
Granite contains high concentrations of incompatible radioactive elements like Uranium (U), Thorium (Th), and Potassium (K) compared to mafic rocks.
Q43. Choose the correct pair of plutonic rock and its volcanic equivalent.
Granite is a felsic plutonic rock, and its volcanic (extrusive) equivalent with the same composition is Rhyolite.
Q44. Which geophysical method is most suitable for exploring a horizontally stratified graphite deposit at 50 m depth?
Graphite is a highly conductive mineral, making Electromagnetic (EM) methods the most effective tool for detection.
Q45. The acceleration due to gravity 'g' is maximum at:
Gravity is strongest at the poles because the Earth is an oblate spheroid (flattened at poles), so the surface is closer to the center of mass.
Q46. As compared to large earthquakes, small earthquakes are:
Gutenberg-Richter law states small quakes are much more frequent. Small magnitude implies a smaller rupture area and shorter slip displacement.
Q47. If a radioactive isotope has a decay constant of 1.55 x 10^-10 year^-1, its half-life (in years) would be:
Half-life (t1/2) = 0.693 / decay constant. 0.693 / (1.55 x 10^-10) = 4.47 x 10^9 years.
Q48. Which one of the following options is arranged in the CORRECT increasing order of Vicker's micro-hardness?
Hardness: Galena (2.5) < Chalcopyrite (3.5-4) < Sphalerite (3.5-4, harder) < Magnetite (5.5-6.5).
Q49. In which river type does helical flow play an important role in controlling morphology?
Helical (corkscrew) flow in meander bends erodes the outer bank and deposits point bars on the inner bank.
Q50. Characteristics of HIMU mantle reservoir:
HIMU stands for 'High Mu' (High U/Pb ratio), which leads to very radiogenic Lead isotope ratios (High 206Pb/204Pb).