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Q121. Which of the following is NOT a dominantly interannual phenomenon?
ENSO and the IOD operate on interannual scales (every few years). The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a distinct intraseasonal climate anomaly that circles the globe every 30 to 60 days.
Q122. Ekman transport occurs in the:
Ekman transport is the net motion of fluid as the result of a balance between Coriolis and turbulent drag forces, driven entirely by surface winds. Therefore, it only occurs in the topmost layer of the ocean.
Q123. Which of the following layers of the Earth dominantly accounts for its magnetic field?
Earth's magnetic field is generated by a self-sustaining geodynamo driven by the turbulent convection of electrically conductive, molten iron-nickel fluid within the outer core.
Q124. Earthquakes are an expression of:
Earthquakes result from the sudden release of energy due to brittle fracture (faulting) in the crust.
Q125. Pollution in Delhi is more in winter mainly because:
During winter, the cold ground chills the air directly above it, creating a thermal inversion. This stable layer acts as a lid, trapping smog and particulate matter near the surface and preventing vertical dispersion.
Q126. Which of the following sensors can be used for measuring SST during the South-West monsoon?
During the SW monsoon, heavy cloud cover obscures the ocean. Microwave sensors operate at wavelengths long enough to penetrate clouds and measure Sea Surface Temperature, unlike IR or visible sensors.
Q127. The crust forming processes concentrate:
During the partial melting of the mantle that forms the crust, incompatible elements (like the Lanthanide/Rare Earth elements) preferentially enter the melt and become heavily enriched in the crust.
Q128. The Paleo-Tethys Sea once separated:
During the Paleozoic era, the vast Paleo-Tethys ocean sat between the northern supercontinent of Laurasia and the southern supercontinent of Gondwanaland before they fully merged to form Pangea.
Q129. By how much was the sea level lower during the Last Glacial Maximum relative to the present?
During the Last Glacial Maximum (~20,000 years ago), massive continental ice sheets locked up vast amounts of water, lowering global sea levels by approximately 120-130 meters (~100 m is the closest option).
Q130. The average June-September rainfall in India is more:
During the Indian Summer Monsoon, the strongest south-westerly moisture-laden winds converge heavily just south of the monsoon trough axis, resulting in the highest precipitation in that southern zone.