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Q101. In terms of India's energy consumption, which one of the following is the correct descending order?
India's energy mix is heavily dominated by Coal (used for power and industry), followed by Petroleum (transportation), Natural Gas, and lastly Hydroelectric power.
Q102. Which one of the following is in the increasing order of bathymetry?
Increasing bathymetry means increasing depth. The shelf is shallow (0-200m). The slope drops steeply down to ~3000m. The rise is the deeper, gentle gradient leading down to the abyssal plains.
Q103. Which one of the following contributes most to the heat budget of Earth's surface?
Incoming solar radiation accounts for over 99.9% of the energy that drives the Earth's surface climate system, vastly overwhelming the tiny contribution of geothermal heat from within the Earth.
Q104. Some minerals form solid solutions between different chemical components. This is because solid solutions, relative to mechanical mixture of the components, have:
In thermodynamics, a system will spontaneously form a solid solution if the Gibbs free energy of the mixed solution state is lower than that of the separated mechanical mixture.
Q105. Chlorofluorocarbons which were widely used in refrigeration, catalyze the breakdown of:
In the stratosphere, UV radiation breaks CFCs down, releasing highly reactive chlorine atoms. These chlorine atoms act as powerful catalysts that systematically destroy ozone (O3) molecules.
Q106. The deepest mixed layer is found at the:
In the Northern North Atlantic, intense winter cooling removes surface buoyancy, and extreme winds drive deep convective mixing, creating mixed layers that can plunge deeper than 1000 meters.
Q107. When averaged over the entire globe, decreasing order of surface fluxes is:
In the global energy budget, Latent Heat flux (evaporation) is the largest non-radiative transfer (~80 W/m2), followed by Net Upward Longwave radiation (~63 W/m2), and finally Sensible Heat transfer (~20 W/m2).
Q108. Pycnocline indicates the vertical distribution of:
In oceanography, the pycnocline is the boundary layer where the density gradient (pycno = density) is greatest within a body of water.
Q109. According to Koppen's climate classification, AW is:
In Koppen's system, 'A' stands for Tropical and 'w' stands for Winter dry season, which is the characteristic climate of a Savanna.
Q110. Which of the following countries is situated on a divergent plate boundary?
Iceland sits directly atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary separating the North American and Eurasian plates.