This website is made to help students prepare for their competitive exams with ease and confidence.
Q21. Which one of the following is detrimental to summer monsoon strength over India?
The Tibetan High (anticyclone) must be positioned properly over the Tibetan plateau to drive the tropical easterly jet. A westward shift disrupts this thermal engine, severely weakening the monsoon.
Q22. In which portion of a meandering river channel are the coarsest sediments deposited?
The thalweg represents the deepest and fastest-flowing section of the river channel. Its high energy prevents fine sediments from settling, leaving only the coarsest, heaviest materials (channel lag) on the bed.
Q23. If a continental crust with an initial length of l0 is stretched to a length lb then the stretching factor beta is:
The stretching factor (beta) in extensional basin modeling is strictly defined as the extended final length divided by the original initial length (lb/l0).
Q24. What is the average geothermal gradient in the top 15 km of a continental crust?
The standard average geothermal gradient in the upper continental crust is approximately 25-30°C per kilometer.
Q25. Which of the following currents of the Indian ocean is NOT a seasonal current?
The South Equatorial Current is a permanent oceanic feature driven year-round by the Southeast Trade Winds. The northern and coastal Indian Ocean currents reverse direction based on the seasonal monsoons.
Q26. Compared to the lower mantle, the inner core is:
The solid inner core, despite its extreme pressure, has a lower shear modulus (rigidity) and much higher density than the deep lower mantle, resulting in significantly lower P and S wave velocities.
Q27. The correct order of abundance of cations in seawater is:
The six most abundant ions in seawater make up over 99% of all sea salts. For cations, the order of abundance by mass is Sodium (Na+) > Magnesium (Mg2+) > Calcium (Ca2+) > Potassium (K+) > Strontium (Sr2+).
Q28. A dimensionless number that defines the degree of turbulence in streamflow is known as:
The Reynolds number is a fluid dynamics ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. High Reynolds numbers indicate turbulent flow, while low values indicate smooth, laminar flow.
Q29. The high flood level is marked in a river bank. If the probability that water flow this year will equal or exceed this level is 0.01, then what is the repeat period of floods that equal or exceed this level?
The Return Period (or repeat period) is the inverse of the probability of occurrence in any given year (T = 1/P). 1 / 0.01 = 100 years.
Q30. The principle of environmental unity emphasises on:
The principle of environmental unity posits that 'everything affects everything else.' Altering one component of an ecosystem creates a chain reaction or cascading effect throughout the entire environment.