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Q31. The present-day Martian surface is not known to contain water either in liquid or solid form, however, ice has been reported from the polar regions of the planet. This ice is likely to be frozen:
The polar ice caps of Mars consist of a permanent layer of water ice covered by a significant layer of frozen carbon dioxide ('dry ice'), which sublimates significantly during the Martian summer.
Q32. The rate of change of sea level was maximum during:
The period from 10 to 20 ka encompasses the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and features rapid, massive glacial melting (e.g., Meltwater Pulse 1A), causing the fastest rate of sea-level rise.
Q33. Which one of the following statements is TRUE with respect to the characteristic feature of ocean floor?
The Pacific Ocean is famously surrounded by a continuous chain of subduction zone trenches, known as the 'Ring of Fire'.
Q34. Which of the following oceans/seas is decreasing in its total area for the past few million years?
The Pacific Ocean is almost entirely ringed by active subduction zones (the Ring of Fire), which consume the old oceanic crust faster than the East Pacific Rise can generate new crust, causing the basin to shrink.
Q35. The oldest rock reported from India dates approximately:
The oldest known rocks in the Indian shield (such as the tonalite-trondhjemite gneisses of the Bastar and Singhbhum cratons) date to the early Archean, approximately 3.5 to 3.6 billion years ago.
Q36. Choose the FALSE statement amongst the following:
The monsoon trough is a low-pressure zone. The heaviest rainfall does not fall directly on the axis, but rather predominantly to the south of it.
Q37. The curve joining the points of the least geomagnetic field intensity on the Earth's surface is:
The magnetic equator (or aclinic line) is where the magnetic dip (inclination) is zero. It is also the locus of the weakest total geomagnetic field intensity on the Earth's surface.
Q38. In the Himalayan Mountain Belt, rocks are deformed. Most common deformational structures observed in this region are:
The Himalayas represent a massive continent-continent compressional collision zone, which structurally manifests as extensive folding and thrust/reverse faulting.
Q39. Which of the following explains best the oceanic conveyor belt?
The global thermohaline circulation (conveyor belt) primarily functions to move massive amounts of thermal energy from the warm equator toward the cold poles (meridional, or north-south, transport).
Q40. Which one of the following is a thermally indirect cell?
The Ferrel cell is mechanically driven by the adjacent Hadley and Polar cells. It is 'thermally indirect' because air sinks in warmer latitudes (30°) and is forced to rise in colder latitudes (60°).