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Q101. Which of the following can indicate the presence of significant sub-surface iron mineralization?
Iron ore bodies are typically dense (causing a positive Gravity anomaly) and contain magnetite (causing a strong Magnetic anomaly).
Q102. Correct property of clay minerals:
Kaolinite is a 1:1 (Two-layered) clay. Montmorillonite is a 2:1 clay that swells. Illite is 2:1 non-swelling.
Q103. Raindrop kinetic energy (E) vs Diameter (D). Which relationship explains damage?
Kinetic energy depends on Mass (~D^3) and Velocity squared (~D). For large drops, E scales with D^4.
Q104. For a soil, Liquidity Index = (Natural Water Content - X) / Plasticity Index. Here, X is:
Liquidity Index (LI) compares natural water content to the Atterberg limits. The formula is (w - Plastic Limit) / (Liquid Limit - Plastic Limit).
Q105. Which sandstone is well-sorted, contains up to 75% quartz, and has rock fragments in excess of feldspar?
Lithic arenite is defined by having significant rock fragments (lithics) > feldspars. Arkose is feldspar-rich. Quartz arenite is >95% quartz.
Q106. Which statement is correct regarding Earth's magnetic field lines at the poles and equator?
Magnetic field lines run parallel to the surface (Horizontal, Inclination=0) at the magnetic equator and perpendicular (Vertical, Inclination=90) at the poles.
Q107. During which of the following geological eras did birds and mammals first appear on the Earth?
Mammals appeared in the Triassic and Birds in the Jurassic; both periods belong to the Mesozoic Era. The Cenozoic is the 'Age of Mammals' but not their origin.
Q108. Mid-Oceanic ridges mark _______ plate margins and can be traced by belts of _____ focus earthquakes.
Mid-Oceanic ridges are divergent (constructive) boundaries where new crust forms. Earthquakes here are shallow because the lithosphere is thin and hot. Destructive margins (subduction) host deep quakes.
Q109. If tangent Young's modulus (60 GPa) and modulus ratio (500) are given, the uniaxial compressive strength (MPa) is:
Modulus Ratio = Young's Modulus / UCS. Therefore, UCS = E / Ratio = 60,000 MPa / 500 = 120 MPa.
Q110. A sample contains 7 wt% CaO and 5 wt% MgO. The molar ratio of CaO to MgO is:
Moles = Wt% / Molar Mass. CaO (56 g/mol): 7/56 = 0.125. MgO (40 g/mol): 5/40 = 0.125. Ratio = 0.125/0.125 = 1.