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Q161. The ratio of P-wave to S-wave velocities (Vp/Vs) within the Earth depends on:
Vp/Vs is a function of the Bulk Modulus (K) and Shear Modulus (G). Vp/Vs = sqrt(K/G + 4/3).
Q162. Correct statement about warm-base glaciers:
Warm-base glaciers have water at the bed, allowing them to slide over the bedrock, unlike cold-base glaciers which are frozen to the bed.
Q163. In digital remote sensing, land-water contrast is best identified in which wavelength band?
Water absorbs Near-Infrared (NIR) strongly (appearing black), while vegetation and land reflect it, providing the sharpest boundary contrast.
Q164. Out of the following gases which one has the highest contribution towards the greenhouse effect on the Earth?
Water vapor (H2O) is the most abundant natural greenhouse gas, contributing the most to the overall greenhouse effect, though CO2 is the primary driver of anthropogenic change.
Q165. During which stage of coalification is most of the methane gas generated?
While biogenic methane forms early, the bulk of thermogenic methane generation occurs during the high-rank Anthracite stage due to thermal cracking.
Q166. Which mineral has crystallographic axes a1 equals a2 not equals c and all angles 90 deg?
Zircon crystallizes in the Tetragonal system (a=b not=c, alpha=beta=gamma=90). Beryl is Hexagonal (angles 120).