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Q151. The acceleration due to gravity (g) and universal gravitational constant (G) are related by the expression (Me = mass of earth, Re = radius):
This is derived from Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, where the force of gravity F = GMm/r^2 equates to weight F = mg.
Q152. The increase in the length of a day on the earth at a rate of 2.4 milliseconds/100 years is due to:
Tidal friction caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon dissipates energy, gradually slowing Earth's rotation.
Q153. In which electromagnetic method is the rate of change of secondary field recorded?
Time-domain EM (TDEM) measures the decay of the secondary magnetic field (dB/dt) after the primary transmitter is switched off.
Q154. Core sample: 4cm dia, 35.81cm height, 1000g wet wt. Dry wt 866.25g. Average bulk density (g/cm3):
Total Volume = 450 cm3. Bulk Density = Total Mass / Total Vol = 1000 / 450 = 2.22 g/cm3.
Q155. A confined sandy aquifer has a thickness of 10 m and transmissivity of 0.75 sq. m/day. Its hydraulic conductivity is (m/day):
Transmissivity (T) = Hydraulic Conductivity (K) * Thickness (b). 0.75 = K * 10. K = 0.075 m/day.
Q156. A confined aquifer has thickness 10m and transmissivity 0.75 m2/day. Hydraulic conductivity is:
Transmissivity (T) = K * b. K = T / b = 0.75 / 10 = 0.075 m/day.
Q157. For horizontal flow in a saturated aquifer, the product of hydraulic conductivity (K) and thickness (b) is equal to:
Transmissivity (T) is defined as the rate at which water flows through a vertical strip of the aquifer: T = K * b.
Q158. Tsunamis are classified as which type of waves?
Tsunamis are shallow-water gravity waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water.
Q159. Name the planet in the solar system which has its 'day' (rotation period) longer than its 'year' (orbital period).
Venus rotates very slowly (243 Earth days) compared to its orbit around the sun (225 Earth days).
Q160. Horizontal slickensides are observed on the surface of a vertical fault. What is the type of fault?
Vertical faults with horizontal motion (indicated by horizontal slickensides) are Strike-slip. Normal/Reverse faults involve vertical motion (dip-slip).